We have a question from Malaysia — really, two questions. How is ginseng grown and harvested in the United States? And is it used as a traditional medicine by Americans or just Asian-Americans?
我们在马来西亚有一个问题，实际上，是两个问题。人参如何在美国生长和收割？它是一种美国人的传统药品，还是仅仅是亚裔美国人的呢？
Some growers of American ginseng say it takes five to ten years to produce the best roots. Ginseng can be grown from seeds or roots. The seeds take two years to sprout up through the ground. Many growers like to start with two to three year old roots instead. A warning: the root must not be cut into smaller pieces. It has to be whole to grow.
一些美国人参的种植者说产出最好的根部需要5到10年的时间。人参可以用种子或根部种植。在地里，种子花费2年发芽。许多种植者喜欢用2或3年老的根部代替。要注意的是：根部务必不能切成更小的块状，它必须完整的种植。
Ginseng needs a place where it will not get much sunshine. It does well in areas of eighty percent shade. It especially likes to grow in forests. The soil should be full of loam, a mixture of sand, silt, clay and organic material.
人参需要一个没有太多阳光的地方。它会在遮阴达到80%的地区生长的很好，它尤其喜欢生长在树林。土地应该充满肥土，一种沙子、淤泥、黏土、有机物的混合物。
American ginseng grows naturally in forests in many eastern states. But wild populations have been reduced by too much harvesting.
美国人参自然地生长在许多东部地区的森林中。不过，野生群体由于过度收割已经减少了。
Growers can plant the roots during spring before they develop buds. If the roots are planted in the fall, they should be left alone until the following spring. Weeding and watering are not needed during that time. But the plants should be protected from wildlife.
种植者可以在春天人参长苞之前种植。如果根部在夏天种植，它们将留到明年的春天。在这段时间里，除草和浇水是不必要的。不过，在野外它们需要被保护。
The University of Maryland Cooperative Extension explains that forest landowners can grow ginseng using two different methods. With the wild-simulated method, seeds are planted thinly in the forest. They are left to grow naturally so the most desirable roots — those most similar to wild ginseng — are produced.
马里兰大学合作研究所解释森林所有者可以用两种不同的方式种植人参。模拟野外法，就是将种子稀疏地种在森林。它们被留在那，自然地生长，所以就会长出最有价值的根部，它们许多跟野生的人参很像。
With the cultivated method, the ginseng is densely planted in raised beds. But this process is more costly and labor intensive.
用栽培法，人参会被稠密地种植在养殖床中。不过，这过程的费用将更加昂贵和需要更多的劳动力。
Wild-simulated ginseng is planted in the fall. Seven years is the average time to harvest. Experts at the Ohio State University Extension say most people use a device with a short handle called a mattock or sang hoe. Extra care is needed not to break up the twisted, strange-looking roots; that could make them less desirable.
模拟野生养殖的人参在夏天种植。平均7年收成一次。俄亥俄州州立大学研究所的专家认为大部分人选着用一种叫做鹤嘴锄的短柄锄头。需要格外小心的是不要伤害到反常的、长相奇怪的根部；伤害到它们的话可能使得产量就更少了。
Asian-Americans are not the only ones who use ginseng. Some people say it increases their energy. Others say it helps their memory. Studies have shown differing results about the health benefits.
亚裔的美国人不是使用人参的唯一人群。一些人认为它能增加他们的体能，另外一些则认为它有助于记忆力。研究已经显示了它对于健康的不同效果了。
Different products may contain ginseng, but government rules limit health claims that marketers can made.
不同的产品可能含有人参，不过政府的法例限制市场商人可以制造的健康宣言。
